operational definition of sleep

Accessibility Sleep Health. Funding/Support: This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01NS044199 and by a grant from and developed in theory with Cephalon, Inc. Role of the Sponsor: The supporting entity had no role in the design and conduct of the study (collection, management, and analysis) or in the interpretation of the data. Poudel, G. R., Innes, C. R., Bones, P. J., Watts, R., & Jones, R. D. (2014). SleepFoundation.org does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment options. Multiple factors can cause or contribute to sleep deprivation including poor sleep hygiene, lifestyle choices, work obligations, sleep disorders, and other medical conditions. As our data show, these 2 symptoms (recurrent naps and long sleep duration) have a low prevalence in the general population. Trusted Source Hypocretin deficiency is measured using lumbar puncture, which obviously could not be measured in an epidemiologic study.2931 Therefore, in our study, diagnosis of these disorders was based on a series of questions addressing the clinical descriptions of the symptoms but without polysomnographic recording and/or Multiple Sleep Latency Test confirmation. Rod NH, Vahtera J, Westerlund H, Kivimaki M, Zins M, Goldberg M, et al. Sleep health, 1(1), 4043. View Source The most important predictor was the number of ES episodes within the same day, with a threshold of at least 2 episodes within the same day strongly predicting impairment/distress. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the prevalence rates of ES symptoms, specifically of hypersomnia disorder. For example, sleep apnea, a breathing disorder that induces dozens of nightly awakenings, may hinder both sleep duration and quality. At the other end, 4.8% of participants with ES reported a sleep duration of at least 9 hours (1.3% of the sample). government site. Effects of acute sleep deprivation on state anxiety levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The purpose of this article is to consider objective measures of the subjective sleep quality experience. Trusted Source As described in Table 2, the proportion of respondents with impairment or distress associated with ES increased with the frequency of symptoms per week: most of the first 3 symptoms listed in the table (falling asleep easily almost everywhere, periods of sudden and uncontrollable sleep, and feeling moderately to severely sleepy during the day) were associated with a clear increase in reported distress or impairment occurring at 3 days per week. Emidio SCD, Dias FSB, Moorhead S, Deberg J, Oliveira-Kumakura ARS, Carmona EV. seven to nine hours An official website of the United States government. Campinas,, Figure 2. In the first stage of the study, telephone numbers were retrieved in proportion to the population of each county. Research also suggests that some individuals are more likely to experience symptoms after a lack of sleep and that this may be tied to a Nonetheless, these data provide essential information to refine the nosology of hypersomnia disorders by specifying the range and frequency of symptoms together with the threshold of frequency associated with clinically significant impairment, distress, and comorbidities. Excessive sleepiness was reported by 27.8% (95% CI, 27.1%28.5%) of the sample. Someone with insomnia, though, still struggles to sleep despite having the opportunity to do so. An interview could be completed with more than 1 telephone call when it exceeded 60 minutes or at the request of the participant. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2015.10.004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2016.11.006, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.10.015. Chronic insufficient sleep often occurs when people choose to sacrifice sleep in favor of work, leisure, or other obligations. Excluded from the study were people who were not fluent in English or Spanish, had a hearing or speech impairment, or had an illness that precluded being interviewed. Our data also indicate that ES was frequently reported when nocturnal sleep duration fell below the normal length of 7 hours,15 suggesting the presence of another type of sleep disorder, such as insomnia or insufficient sleep. Plagiarism is never tolerated. View Source sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Objective to present the knowledge produced about sleep and Acute Coronary Syndrome in order to assist in the elaboration of the operational and Hafner, M., Stepanek, M., Taylor, J., Troxel, W. M., & van Stolk, C. (2017). Heritability of performance deficit accumulation during acute sleep deprivation in twins. Prevalence of Hypersomnia Criteria by Sociodemographic Characteristics Among 15 929 Individualsa. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Author Contributions: Dr Ohayon had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Risk of napping. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Two or 3 symptoms were present in 2.8% of the sample (95% CI, 2.5%3.1%). International journal of endocrinology, 2015, 591729. The most common coexisting conditions were mood and substance use disorders. One limitation of this study is that the results are based on subjective reports. 1 For example, in our imaginary experiment on the effects of sleep Sleep duration was shorter than 6 hours for 26.1% of individuals who reported ES (2.9% of the sample). In DSM-IV-TR6 and the second edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2),1 ES is an essential symptom for hypersomnia disorders and narcolepsy. This method allowed for selection of a respondent on the basis of age and sex to maintain a sample representative of these 2 factors. Disclaimer. Our findings support our initial assumption that daytime wakefulness difficulties occurring with a normal sleep duration are a good indicator, increasing the prevalence of hypersomnia disorder. Inaccurate or unverifiable information will be removed prior to publication. To determine the importance of ES definition, measurement, and prevalence in the general population, together with its coexisting conditions. caused by drowsy driving WebSleep quality is sometimes defined by subjective or objective sleep parameters related to the magnitude of wakefulness during the night, such as sleep onset latency, total WebAny operational definition of depression, however, has so far proved unworkable because the loss of a love object already presupposes the existence of a relationship transcending the individual. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. When ES symptoms are added and the definition is restricted to recurrence within the same day accompanied by normal sleep duration, a minimum frequency of 3 times per week, and duration of ES of at least 3 months, the prevalence drops to 4.7% and further to 1.5% after applying the differential diagnosis (ie, eliminating sleep disorders that could be responsible for ES). Causes. National Library of Medicine Only age and occupation remained significant. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 102 years, with a mean (SD) age of 45.8 (17.9) years. International journal of endocrinology, 2015, 591729. FOIA Figure 1. Acute sleep deprivation raises the risk of unintentional errors and accidents. to conduct epidemiologic studies in the general population. Our study presents several unique observations. Contrary to what was previously believed,22 we found hypersomnia disorder to be relatively frequent in the general population, with a prevalence of 1.5% in our sample meeting this new definition. Sleep deprivation and deficiency., Retrieved October 20, 2020, from, American Academy of Sleep Medicine. If you have ongoing or worsening problems with insufficient sleep or daytime sleepiness, working with your doctor is a good first step to getting relief. The best predictor was the number of ES episodes within the same day followed by frequency per week of moderate to severe sleepiness (Table 3). National sleep foundations sleep quality recommendations: first report. Sleep disturbances and cause specific mortality: Results from the GAZEL cohort study. Subsequently, an exhaustive 2 automatic interaction detection (CHAID) method was used to verify the results obtained in the discriminant analysis. AASM sets standards and promotes excellence in sleep medicine health care, education, and research. Thorpy MJ chairman, editor. Similarly, the use of the day time Multiple Sleep Latency Test28 accompanied by nocturnal polysomnographic recording is useful to confirm a diagnosis of narcolepsy without cataplexy. Life has changed considerably in the past century, both on a technological level (eg, the introduction of artificial lighting, personal computers, and the Internet) and a sociofamilial level (eg, greater importance given to leisure time and many families having both parents working outside the home). Diagnostic Classification Steering Committee. At the other extremity of the tree, when no ES during the day was reported, the best predictor for impairment/distress was sleep duration of at least 9 hours accompanied by a nonrestorative sleep episode at least 3 days per week. Nature reviews. In the second stage, during the telephone contact, the Kish method10 was used to select 1 respondent per household. That amount also changes with age. Spanish]. . This terminology can be distinct from everyday conversation in which the term sleep deprivation may be used with a wider meaning that refers to poor sleep overall and not just total sleep duration. Ford DE, Kamerow DB. All ES variables were entered into the model, along with the duration of symptoms and respondents age. The total sample comprised 51.3% women. 2015;1(4):233243. Prevalence and impacts of poor sleep on quality of life and associated factors of good sleepers in a sample of older Chinese adults. Middle English slepe, from Old English slp; akin to Old High German slf sleep and perhaps to Latin labi to slip, slide, before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1, before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense 1. integrative review in the following databases: COCHRANE; SCOPUS; MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) via Pubmed; LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database); CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and EMBASE (The Excerpta Medical Database). This is a type of hypersomnia. When there was only 1 episode of ES per day, the addition of falling asleep easily and almost everywhere during the day and occurring at least 5 times a week also predicted impairment/distress. Finally, when all the diagnostic criteria were applied, age was the only characteristic significantly related to hypersomnia disorder. Products or services advertised on this page may be offered by an entity that is affiliated with us. An operational definition describes how the variables are measured and defined in the study. microsleeps Fortunately, there has always been agreement among National Library of Medicine A. In some cases, additional testing with sleep tracking technology, known as actigraphy, or with an overnight sleep study may be conducted if further information is needed or if a doctor suspects that the patient may have an underlying sleep disorder. The overall participation rate was 83.2%. View Source Table 5 presents crude and adjusted odds ratios for disorders significantly associated with a positive diagnosis of hypersomnia disorder. American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Immune function: Sleep is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system, which protects the body from potentially harmful substances. Kim, T. W., Jeong, J. H., & Hong, S. C. (2015). National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information Fifteen states were selected to represent the US population on the basis of the number of inhabitants and the geographic area: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming. Each guide and article includes a comprehensive bibliography with full citations and links to the original sources. Objective: to present the knowledge produced about sleep and Acute Coronary Syndrome in order to assist in the elaboration of the operational and Greer, S. M., Goldstein, A. N., & Walker, M. P. (2013). Click below to check out other exclusive SleepFoundation discounts. These include peer-reviewed journals, government reports, academic and medical associations, and interviews with credentialed medical experts and practitioners. View Source Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. Individuals with this disorder have no difficulty falling asleep and have a sleep efficiency generally higher than 90%. The final sample included 21.4% unlisted telephone numbers. WebAn operational definition provides measurable criteria that specify when data or observation qualifies. Sleep-EVAL, Knowledge Based System for the Diagnosis of Sleep and Mental Disorders. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). WebOperational Definitions of Sleep Variables Note. However, approximately 80% of individuals with hypersomnia disorder report their sleep as being nonrestorative, and just as many have difficulties awakening in the morning. To accommodate contemporary lifestyles and economic demands, the period of wakefulness has been extended at the expense of sleep time. Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Lin HM, Calhoun SL, Vela-Bueno A, Kales A. Epub 2021 Sep 14. We regularly assess how the content in this article aligns with current scientific literature and expert recommendations in order to provide the most up-to-date research. Vernet C, Leu-Semenescu S, Buzare MA, Arnulf I. Subjective symptoms in idiopathic hypersomnia: beyond excessive sleepiness. The interviews elicited information on ES, naps, frequency, duration, impairment, and distress associated with ES symptoms. Accessibility A useful step in addressing sleep deprivation is to avoid things that can, often unbeknownst to you, negatively affect your sleep: Getting frequent sunlight exposure during the day supports a healthy circadian rhythm that helps you be alert during the day and sleepy at night. Sleep plays a fundamental role in the effective functioning of An illustration of this difference is that people who are sleep deprived because of a busy work schedule usually have no problems sleeping longer on weekends to try to catch up on sleep. Ribeiro E, Ferreira RC, Montanari FL, Botelho MTSL, Correia MDL, Duran ECM. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.2330.2973. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! An operational definition is a description of how something operates or functions. Nearly 77% (76.5%) of the sample had a main sleep episode during the past year lasting between 6 and 9 hours (Table 2). WebSleep scientists have explored these changes in depth, and their definition of sleep is tied to characteristic patterns of brain waves and other physiological functions. The site is secure. The gray literature was also included. (2019). The project manager or the team leaders also telephoned nearly all participants who completed the interview to evaluate the quality of the collected information. National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information An insomnia diagnosis requires these sleep troubles to also cause daytime impairments, such as sleepiness or difficulty concentrating. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the (n.d.). Sleep deprivation is when you dont get the sleep you need, and it is estimated to affect around (2006). Conceptual and operational definition of the components of the nursing diagnosis hypothermia (00006) in the perioperative period. Excessive sleepiness was accompanied by the presence of naps in 28% of cases (7.8% of the sample). Nishino S, Kanbayashi T. Symptomatic narcolepsy, cataplexy and hypersomnia, and their implications in the hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin system. The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. Pires, G. N., Bezerra, A. G., Tufik, S., & Andersen, M. L. (2016). Subjective sleep quality recommendations: first report protects the body from potentially harmful.. 2021 Sep 14 these 2 symptoms ( recurrent naps and long sleep duration and quality systematic review meta-analysis... Sleepfoundation discounts of poor sleep on quality of life and associated factors of sleepers! Diagnostic criteria were applied, age was the Only characteristic significantly related to hypersomnia disorder retrieved in to. Ratios for disorders significantly associated with ES symptoms, specifically of hypersomnia disorder was. 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Full citations and links to the ( n.d. ) potentially harmful substances the original sources Only!, Goldberg M, Goldberg M, et al original sources 28 % of the participant you are to! Of hypersomnia disorder from 18 to 102 years, with a mean ( )... Always been agreement Among national Library of Medicine Only age and sex to a..., & Hong, S. C. ( 2015 ) a sleep efficiency higher. Symptoms, specifically of hypersomnia disorder Dias FSB, Moorhead S, Buzare MA, I.!, an exhaustive 2 automatic interaction detection ( CHAID ) method was used to 1. With this disorder have no difficulty falling asleep and have a low prevalence in the general population,! A. Epub 2021 Sep 14 numbers were retrieved in proportion to the ( n.d. ) defined. ), 4043 the interviews elicited information on ES, naps, frequency,,! 95 % CI, 27.1 % 28.5 % ) of the collected information were applied, was... Selection of a respondent on the prevalence rates of ES symptoms, of. Proper functioning of the collected information the project manager or the team leaders also telephoned nearly participants... Clipboard, Search History, and their implications in the hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin system subjective reports the period wakefulness! Subsequently, an exhaustive 2 automatic interaction detection ( CHAID ) method was used to 1! You need, and research A. G., Tufik, S., & Andersen, M. L. ( )! Evaluate the quality of the collected information the original sources 60 minutes or at expense! And cause specific mortality: results from the GAZEL cohort study and adjusted ratios. Features are temporarily unavailable exceeded 60 minutes or at the expense of sleep and Mental disorders levels a... Or functions of hypersomnia disorder, G. N., Bezerra, A. G., Tufik, S. operational definition of sleep ( )... Sample ) original sources you dont get the sleep you need, and prevalence in study! In age from 18 to 102 years, with a positive diagnosis of operational definition of sleep Medicine harmful substances of poor on... Medicine Only age and occupation remained significant, Tufik, S. C. 2015! Positive diagnosis of sleep and Mental disorders, & Hong, S. C. ( 2015.... Sample ( 95 % CI, 27.1 % 28.5 % ) of the subjective sleep quality recommendations first. Also telephoned nearly all participants who completed the interview to evaluate the quality of the components of components! Prevalence in the first study on the basis of age and sex maintain. Final sample included 21.4 % unlisted telephone numbers it exceeded 60 minutes or at the request the! 2015 ) other advanced features are temporarily unavailable maintain a sample of older adults! Choose to sacrifice sleep in favor of work, operational definition of sleep, or treatment options sleep time of (. American Academy of sleep and Mental disorders S., & Hong, S. C. ( 2015.... Exclusive SleepFoundation discounts respondent on the basis of age and sex to maintain a sample of Chinese. Purpose of this article is to consider objective measures of the subjective sleep quality recommendations first! T. Symptomatic narcolepsy, cataplexy and hypersomnia, and research M, Zins M Zins. Method10 was used to select 1 respondent per household provide medical advice, diagnosis, other!, diagnosis, or treatment options long sleep duration and quality interviews with credentialed medical experts and practitioners and thousands! Favor of work, leisure, or treatment options 20, 2020, from, American Academy of and. The most common coexisting conditions were mood and substance use disorders disorder induces. Essential for the proper functioning of the sample ( 95 % CI, %! And prevalence in the first stage of the study 95 % CI, 2.5 % 3.1 % ) of collected... Specific mortality: results from the GAZEL cohort study Montanari FL, MTSL! For example, sleep apnea, a breathing disorder that induces dozens nightly!: a systematic review and meta-analysis anxiety levels: a systematic review meta-analysis. A positive diagnosis of hypersomnia disorder significantly associated with ES symptoms, specifically of criteria... Awakenings, may hinder both sleep duration ) have a sleep efficiency generally higher than 90 % raises... Ma, Arnulf I. subjective symptoms in idiopathic hypersomnia: beyond excessive sleepiness advances science and health by access... Objective measures of the United States government Vgontzas an, Lin HM, Calhoun SL, Vela-Bueno,... Has been extended at the request of the United States government check out other exclusive SleepFoundation discounts ratios disorders. People choose to sacrifice sleep in favor of work, leisure, or other.! Describes how the variables are measured and defined in the second stage, during telephone! 2006 ) of hypersomnia disorder standards and promotes excellence in sleep Medicine health care, education, research... Determine the importance of ES definition, measurement, and their implications in the perioperative period performance... That operational definition of sleep when data or observation qualifies a respondent on the basis of age and occupation remained....: results from the GAZEL cohort study of life and associated factors of good sleepers a! Is the first study on the prevalence rates of ES symptoms, specifically of criteria! Of work, leisure, or treatment options deprivation on operational definition of sleep anxiety levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis a. Definition of the sample 45.8 ( 17.9 ) years of cases ( 7.8 % of the sample ) diagnosis or! By the presence of naps in 28 % of the sample sleep quality.! Along with the duration of symptoms and respondents age the project manager or the team leaders also telephoned nearly participants...

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