Paul to Kansas City route (with stops in Des Moines and Rochester, Minnesota) was of particular interest to Braniff, as Mid-Continent had been awarded this route instead of Braniff in 1939.[7]. [14], In 1970 Braniff accepted delivery of the 100th Boeing 747 built a 747-127, N601BN and began flights from Dallas to Honolulu, Hawaii on January 15, 1971. However, deregulation of the airline industry was introduced in October 1978, and Braniff as well as many of the United States' major air carriers were caught in a peculiar predicament as a result of the unprecedented change in how airline business was conducted. Braniff's Hostess College, built in 1968 and designed by Pierce, Lacey and Associates, was a training school where the airline would "turn the girl next door into a truly cosmopolitan lady." The training facility was a five-story building, dating back to 1968, and encompasses 59,925 square feet on nearly 1 acre at 2801 Wycliff Ave., next . Only 30 Boeing 727-200s are left, and they are being repainted and . 1967. The Douglas DC-8-62 fleet was flown from Miami to Dallas Love Field and stored until new owners could be found.[1]. Of . More like this . Eastern had been trying unsuccessfully to obtain authority to fly to South America since 1938, and would operate 24 weekly flights from Miami, two from New York, and one from New Orleans to west coast South American cities that Braniff mainly served.[1]. Oct 21, 2018 - Braniff Airlines Fleet | Braniff International Airways B727-200 | Airlines of the Past | Pinte . In 1954, Beard was appointed president and CEO of Braniff with Fred Jones of Oklahoma City becoming chairman of the board. The airline was established by Continental and other regional shareholders in the former U.S. Trust Territory and started operations on May 16, 1968, as Air Micronesia, hence the nickname and callsign "Air Mike". Braniff was the first airline authorized by the CAB to operate JATO or Jet Assisted Take-Off aircraft (DC-4) at La Paz. Former Braniff employees founded Minnesota-based Sun Country Airlines in 1983. The airline is headquartered in Denver, Colorado. Later in 1975, he debuted "Flying Colors of the United States" to commemorate the Bicentennial of the United States. As a result, Braniff reported its first operating loss since the recession of 1970. However, an unforeseen strike by the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) caused delays and a decrease in traffic that actually enabled the carrier to regroup during the decrease in service. "RainDomes" were dropped the following year because the helmets cracked easily, there was no place to store them on the aircraft, and new jetway installation at many airports made them unnecessary. Braniff International Airways; IATA BN: ICAO BNF: Callsign BRANIFF: Airline Full Name: Braniff Airways, Inc. Country: United States: Airline Founded : May 1928: Started Operations: 20 Jun 1928: Ceased operations: 12 May 1982 We would like to thank you for visiting our website. MIAMI Today in Aviation marks the 45th anniversary of the launch of Alexander Calder's Flying Colors of the United States livery by Braniff, depicted on a Boeing 727-200 from the airline, to celebrate the 4th of July. [1] The operating loss was $39 million in 1979, then $120M in 1980 and $107M in 1981. In the program's first month in operation, December 1981, Braniff's revenues dropped from slightly over US$100 million per month to US$80 million. At Girard's recommendation the old livery was dropped in favor of a single color on each plane, selected from a palette of rich and iridescent hues like "Chocolate Brown" and "Metallic Purple." Braniff Airways was the nation's eighth largest airline (then as Braniff International) at the time it ceased operations in 1982. . Originally known as the Braniff Airlines Operations and Maintenance Base, the renovated Braniff Centre at Dallas Love Field will open as home to TAC Air - DAL and Flexjet. The flight originated at Wichita Falls and continued to Midway Airport with intermediate stops at Oklahoma City, Tulsa and Kansas City. Braniff International Airways (1928) (Dallas Love Field) is set to see a fourth attempted resurrection, this time through Braniff International (St. Louis Lambert International), a subsidiary of Braniff Holdings, Inc.According to its launch plans, the rejuvenated Braniff is looking to start operations early next year. Braniff Airlines, Inc., and the carrier grew by adding service from Oklahoma City to San Angelo, Texas, with intermediate stops at Wichita Falls, Breckenridge and Abilene, Texas by the Summer of 1929 and service at Denison, Texas was added on July 5, 1929. BN / BNF. The United States Postal Service granted Braniff their first airmail route soon after and the new route was inaugurated in May 1934, which effectively saved the company from failure. Ceased operations. The new airline performed as one of the best in the Universal System with a 99-percent completion rate reported during the month of July 1929 and the Airline also led the other divisions in number of passengers carried. [1], Troy Post hired Harding Lawrence, executive vice president of Continental Airlines, who was responsible for a 500 percent increase in sales at the Los Angeles-based carrier during his tenure, as the new president of Braniff International. More like this. Beard details Tom Braniff's efforts to obtain mail contracts, which he thought would assure "a certain flow of steady income" to the airline. Braniff's advertising touted the new carrier as The World's Fastest Airline. Braniff Place World Headquarters, which the carrier occupied until December 15, 1983, on the west side of DFW Airport eventually became GTE Place, and then Verizon Place.[30][38]. In 2017, Delta Airlines, which also flew the 747 in Hawaii, became the last U.S. airline to use that aircraft. It served its purpose as Braniff's name recognition increased worldwide. Southwest Airlines and Braniff International jointly announce that the two companies have settled all of their long-standing differences and have signed agreements under which Braniff will lease a 727-200 aircraft to Southwest for a period of two years (effective March 1979), and also provide training and maintenance services in connection therewith. Still today there are some ex-Braniff aircraft flying around the globe. [11], In 1964, Troy Post, chairman of Greatamerica Corporation, an insurance holding company based in Dallas, purchased Braniff and National Car Rental as part of an expansion of holdings and growth outside the insurance business. At that time, the airline changed its trade name to Braniff International Airways (the official corporate name remained Braniff Airways, Incorporated) and flights to South America via Cuba and Panama began on June 4, 1948, with a routing of Chicago Kansas City Dallas Houston Havana Balboa, C.Z. Braniff entered into negotiations with Eastern Airlines to lease the routes to the Miami-based carrier for US$18 million effective June 1, 1982, for one year. It began operating under the name Alaska Airlines in 1944 and was first known as a cargo carrier. ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-135 - 970x90. However, in early 2022, the private Trust that originally owned Braniff's intellectual property since 1983, reacquired these assets along with the original Braniff companies and corresponding assets. According to planespotters.net, Braniff operated a simply astonishing range of passenger aircraft in that time. [13], Braniff opened the "Terminal of the Future" at Dallas Love Field in late December 1968 and the Jetrail Car Park people mover system in April 1970. In early 1982, Braniff Chairman Howard Putnam decided to sell the Latin American Division. The DC-3 had just entered the fleet in December 1939. Service was added between Oklahoma City and Amarillo during the Summer of 1929. Blue/Light Blue. The airline's main asset is its fleet of about 70 . The one-way fare between the two cities was $12.50 or $20.00 round trip with a baggage allowance of 25 pounds and a charge of 10 cents for each pound over the maximum allowable amount. . In 1930, the company was bought by the Aviation Corporation (AVCO) which was the predecessor of American Airlines.[4]. Harding Lawrence elected to retire in December 1980, effective January 7, 1981, after nearly 16 years (1965-1981) of service to the company. The fleet of Braniff International. Braniff remained in this building until December 1978, when it moved its spacious new Braniff Place World Headquarters on the west side of DFW Airport. Beginning in 1951, flights to South America stopped at Miami, but Braniff did not carry domestic passengers between Dallas and Houston and Miami.[3]. Airline Flights. In 1984 a new Braniff, Incorporated, launched its first flight with a fleet of thirty planes under the direction of president William Slattery, formerly chief of European operations for Trans World Airlines. Braniff International Airways. Tom Braniff, president of Braniff Airways, ordered the company's first DC-3s on August 29, 1939. At one time, it even operated a Concorde on a short-term lease! In addition, all of these posters have been marked as official common law trademarks of Braniff Airways, Inc., and they continue as a company trademark infinitely. However, even though all of Braniff's scheduled and non-scheduled airline operations ceased, all of the company's subsidiaries continued in operation, some for many years. Mr. Thayer had been extremely vocal about Braniff's critical position if deregulation were to take affect. Paul Braniff, the sole pilot, flew the investors to their meetings, which included Frank Phillips, founder of Phillips Petroleum, E. E. Westervelt, Manager of Southwest Bell Telephone, Fred Jones, Ford dealership owner, Virgil Browne of Coca Cola Company, and Walter A. Lybrand, an Oklahoma City attorney. Braniff International maintained that it was hemorrhaging cash and that it could not continue to operate the money losing South American system. Braniff ceased operations on May 1213, 1982, and Eastern took over the routes earlier than the planned June 1, 1982, commencement of service date. Braniff's maintenance activities at Dallas Love Field continued to serve its non-Braniff customers and oversaw the maintenance of Braniff's grounded fleet at DFW Airport and Love Field. FILENAME. In 1958, at the height of business, Braniff Airways built a new terminal and facilities at Dallas Love Field called the Braniff Operations and Maintenance Base . Braniff (9) Capital Airlines (1) Continental (13) Delta Air Lines (49) Empire Airlines (1) US F thru O (94) FAA (3) Frontier (17) . The Boeing 727 would become the backbone of the Braniff fleet and the trijet was the key aircraft in the 1971 Fleet Standardization Plan, which called for three aircraft types: the Boeing 727 primarily operated . Braniff acquired Panagra's fleet including DC-7's, DC-8-31's and 55F's, as well as purchase orders for five long-range intercontinental McDonnell Douglas DC-8-62 aircraft. Braniff Airways Fleet of B747 (History) - Aviation website for aircraft and airline information (flight, photo, travel, fleet listing, production list of Airbus Boeing Douglas Embraer Dash, ATR, Sukhoi, Saab. Paint kit for the AI Aardvark 727-200. Art to complement the color schemes was flown in from Mexico, Latin America, and South America. [28] This international expansion was also planned to have included flights to Tokyo, as well as an "oil run" between Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, and Bahrain; however, these routes never commenced although service to Bahrain was approved by the US Government in 1979. The new fleet carried such colors as beige, ochre, orange, turquoise, baby blue, medium blue, lemon yellow, and lavender/periwinkle blue. The airline continued to grow, re-organize and acquire other airlines until its unfortunate shutdown in November 1989. Eventually serving New York City and Washington, D.C., the company purchased Boeing 707 and Lockheed Electra turbo-prop aircraft and by 1960 was the first all-jet airline. Aircraft that were scheduled to be disposed of offset the loss and the company recorded a meager US $11,000 net income. Braniff was allowed to operate a charter service in Mexico for a brief period in 1947 but that was also discontinued and service was not commenced again until 1960[7]. [3], The new Braniff venture was profitable within a month of service inauguration but with the weakening economic conditions the company found itself in need of a merger partner. Braniff reported an 80 percent increase in business during the life of the campaign in spite of an economic downturn the following year. Airline Founded. Acker had stated in a 1964 study that Braniff's conservative management was hampering the growth that the "jet age" required, in part by cash purchase of new planes instead of financing them, diverting working capital from growth initiatives. The original Braniff Airways was a legendary and unique airline. By the mid-1970s Braniff's fleet of 727s showed the efficiencies that a single type of aircraft could produce. It was now coming true for all of these smaller carriers. The expense of the new equipment and the costs associated with the new service and hubs increased Braniff's debt substantially although it was still manageable. On April 26, 1990, the United States Department of Transportation approved the sale of Eastern Airlines' Latin American routes to American Airlines for US$349 million. At Washington Dulles, the cockpit and cabin crews were replaced by ones from Air France and British Airways for the continued flight to Europe, and the temporary Braniff registration stickers were removed. . After the End of the Plain Plane Campaign, it became one of the most celebrated marketing efforts Madison Avenue had ever produced, blending style and arrogance. Textures only, requires base model (TOM7272.ZIP or TOM7271.ZIP). She was instrumental in calming the fears of Braniff's creditors, which became concerned especially after the losses incurred in 1953, quickly followed by the loss of Mr. Braniff. About This File. An ex-Braniff and Alaska Airlines 727, which joined the Aces fleet in 1992. In over five decades of existence, the airline operated a large variety of aircraft. Resorts for rent: Once mainly for top executives, some private conference and training centers with high amenities now welcome outside business as their owners seek ways to break even. Braniff engineering and Braniff's advertising department modified Girard's colors, enlarged the "BI" logo, and added white wings and tails. Over the next 15 years, his expansion into new markets combined with ideas unorthodox for the airline industry led Braniff to record financial and operating performance, expanding its earnings tenfold despite typical passenger load factors around 50 percent. [30] Braniff's decreasing load factors combined with record-breaking fuel cost escalations, unfair and unbridled competition, unprecedented interest rates, and a national recession (the worst since the Great Depression of 1929), produced massive financial shortfalls especially in 1980, which was caused by the severe recession that was affecting travel globally. The Dallas Morning News reports once a year, every year since the carrier's 1982 demise, former pilots, whether they stayed in Dallas or moved across the country for work at . Braniff International lauded the CAB's quick decision as the carrier had stated that because of its tenuous cash position that it might have to shut the routes down if an agreement was not approved. In October 1951 departures from Dallas became daily: three a week to Buenos Aires and four to Rio de Janeiro. [1] Besides standard model 747s, long range 747SPs were acquired as well for these new international flights with the 747 also being operated to South America. Braniff's routes were primarily in the midwestern and southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. And it was long before Harding Lawrence . Another iconic type seen in Braniff's fleet was the Boeing 747, of which the airline operated three variants. Even . Braniff quickly expanded its route system to include Kansas City Fairfax Airport on December 5, 1930. By the mid-1950s, it was the 10th largest airline in the country. V6E 4A6 // KISS PR Brand Story PressWire // New York, New York--(Newsfile Corp. - February 28, 2023) - WHY: Rosen Law Firm, a global investor rights law firm, reminds purchasers of the securities of Southwest Airlines Co. (NYSE: LUV) between June 13, 2020 and December 31, 2022, both dates inclusive (the 'Class Period'), of the important March 13, 2023 lead . Orange/Ochre. Calder died in November 1976 as he was finalizing a third livery, termed "Flying Colors of Mexico" or "Salute To Mexico". He received delivery on the first four on December 17, 1939. . Under the leadership of George Lois and his advertising firm Lois, Holland Calloway, Braniff started a campaign that presented stars such as Andy Warhol, Sonny Liston, Salvador Dal, Whitey Ford, the Playboy Bunny, and other celebrities of the time flying Braniff. [1][24][25] Although the expansion of 1978 was successful it did not stop losses from beginning in late 1979 as a result of unprecedented rises in fuel costs and credit card interest rates of 20 percent and higher, coupled with general economic unrest. [27], The main impediment to Braniff's expansion was fuel cost, which increased 94 percent during 1979, coupled with strong competition from larger carriers in both the Domestic and Asia/Pacific Systems. Guayaquil Lima (Lima service did not begin until June 18, 1948). Lavender was dropped after a month, due to the similarity in coloration to the Witch Moth (Ascalapha odorata), a sign of bad luck in Mexican mythology. At that time, Braniff was the eighth-largest U.S. carrier, with 9,500 employes, service to 56 cities and a fleet of 83 planes. [3], In the spring of 1928, insurance magnate Thomas Elmer Braniff founded an air carrier, maintenance, aircraft dealer and flight school organization with his brother Paul, called Paul R. Braniff, Inc., which did business as Tulsa-Oklahoma City Airline. The new service operated nonstop between Kansas City and Tulsa and additional new cities were added in early 1931. [1] The Douglas DC-8s were aging, and there was speculation whether new Boeing 757s, Boeing 767s or Airbus A300s would replace the long range DC-8-62s (which flew Braniff's South American routes including nonstops from Los Angeles and New York City to Bogota, Colombia and Lima, Peru as well as nonstops from Miami and New York City to Buenos Aires)[18] with McDonnell Douglas MD-80s possibly being introduced on shorter routes. This key premise was highly successful. The Boeing 727 became the backbone of the Braniff fleet. Braniff (1983-1990) Braniff Inc. was a US-based airline that operated flights from 1984 until 1989 and was partially formed from the assets of the original Braniff International Airways. Both operated until January 1974. However, the 707, 720 and One-Eleven would all subsequently be removed from the fleet in favor of the ideally suited Boeing 727 Trijet. Braniff's Boeing 747 aircraft continued to carry the "Braniff International" titles in the 1969 Harper and George International Font. [21], In 1978, Braniff Chairman Harding L. Lawrence negotiated a unique and advantageous interchange agreement to operate the Concorde over American soil, making it first time that Concorde was used for domesticand fully overlandflights. Although, Braniff was considered a low-cost carrier it still possessed a seasoned and unionized work force with medical and pension plans, which were the same overhead costs as the larger trunk carriers. The funds were placed into a special fund controlled by Eastern's creditors who had recently ousted controversial Chairman Frank Lorenzo, who took over the 60-year-old aviation legend in 1986. United States. After the merger Braniff operated 75 aircraft and over 4000 employees, including 400 pilots. Braniff and National were chosen after Greatamerica CFO Charles Edward Acker identified them as under-utilized and under-managed companies. requires all airlines to honor tickets for Braniff flights sold by travel agents or by other airlines. A planned retirement of older aircraft in tandem with the addition of approximately eight to ten new jets per year was followed throughout the 1970s. The new "jelly bean" fleet consisted of such bold colors as beige, ochre, orange, turquoise, baby blue, medium blue and lemon yellow, and lavender. All three carriers entered into the agreement for the purpose of promotion of Concorde in the United States and around the world. The acquisition of the Minneapolis/St. Putnam accepted the offer, but he required that his own financial manager from Southwest Airlines, Philip Guthrie, be allowed to follow him to Braniff. Then, just as similar US airlines were divesting the giant aircraft, Braniff decided to vastly expand its 747 fleet - by 1980, Braniff was operating nine of them. In 1971, Braniff sold the jets to British West Indies Airways (BWIA), an airline based in the Caribbean. The Ultra Look was applied to all uniforms and the entire Braniff fleet (including the two Calder aircraft). Service was extended in March 1950 from La Paz to Asuncion, Paraguay, and in May 1950 to Buenos Aires, Argentina. The airline ceased air carrier operations in May 1982 because of high fuel prices, credit card interest rates and extreme competition from the large trunk carriers and the new airline startups created by the Airline Deregulation Act of December 1978. The joint Braniff Airways, British Airways & Air France services 1979-1980. A plan recently approved by the C.A.B. Former Airlines' Historical Sites. The CAB decided that it would not change its position in spite of the joint service application. Considering the airline wasn't filling its existing 707s the advent of a massive fleet of new much larger 747s was ominous. This included the updated 1966 Supersonic Derby Collection; 1968 Pucci Classic Collection; 1971 747 Braniff Place Pant Dress Collection; 1972 727 Braniff Place Pant Dress Collection; 1973 Pucci Blue Pilot Uniform; 1974 Pucci The Classic Collection and finally in 1975 the Flying Colors Collection, which only include impressive white coveralls with red and blue Flying Colors logo for maintenance personnel.[1]. In 1969 the Lockheed L-188 Electras were retired, making Braniff all jet. In the late 1970s it expanded to Asia and Europe. All Nippon Airways (ANA) Nihon/NAMC YS-11 "JA8707" is here captured at Osaka Aiport on a sunny day in the spring of 1988. DENTON It's been more than three decades since Braniff International Airways grounded its fleet of 62 brightly colored aircrafts, bringing a sudden end to a Dallas icon and upending the lives of its 9,000 employees. However, in spite of the service's less than stellar performance, the cost to Braniff was negligible thanks mainly to the agreements that Braniff negotiated with both British Airways and Air France. [1] Lawrence was determined to give Braniff a glossy, modern, and attention-getting image. [34], In the following days Braniff jets at Dallas-Fort Worth sat idle on the apron by Terminal 2W. Paul, Sioux City, and Sioux Falls in the North; Des Moines, Omaha, and St. Louis in the Midwest; and Tulsa, Shreveport, and New Orleans in the South. Additional Lockheed Vegas were added to the fleet during 1931 and 1932. Aside from a few second-hand DC-8-51s and the long range DC-8-62s these colours would be seen exclusively on 727s. With the addition of the South America route system, merger with Mid-Continent Airlines, and reduction in mail subsidy on the Mid-Continent system, Braniff International Airways recorded a US$1.8 million operating loss during 1953. "Airline's start-up evokes sense of deja vu", "Fort Worth Airlines halts flights, files for Chapter 11", "Dallas-Based Braniff Airways Signs Historic Agreement With the Dallas Cowboys, TAC Air and Reed Enterprises for Braniff Headquarters", "Braniff Airways Wikisimpsons the Simpsons Wiki", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braniff_International_Airways&oldid=1142062319, Braniff Travel Bonus Bonanza and Friends of the Orange 747s. Northwest in the Pacific and Braniff in Latin America. The 'Parked' status corresponds to planes which have not flown for 20 days but of which we have no information that they have left the operator's fleet. In 1975 it was showcased at the Paris Air Show in Paris, France. Package express and air freight service was added to the list of Braniff services on September 1, 1929, and included Dallas Love Field.[3]. Braniff International operated the following aircraft types during its existence:[42], This article is about the original Braniff. As an example, Braniff's revenue for 1979 was three times less than American's, which had moved its headquarters to Braniff's hometown, DFW Airport in 1979. The entire makeover, introduced in November 1965, was referred to as the 'End of the Plain Plane' campaign. When Lawrence took office in May 1965, Braniff operated 13 different aircraft types. Subsidiaries / Group Airlines. In 1970, Braniff International Airways accepted delivery of the 100th Boeing 747, the first of 12 in its fleet. Braniff International (Braniff) was a Dallas, Texas-based airline that operated (in one form or another) from 1928 until its bankruptcy and eventual closure in 1982. Code. Many of the color schemes were applied to aircraft interiors, gate lounges, ticket offices, and even the corporate headquarters. Concorde service began on 12 January 1979 between DallasFort Worth and Washington, D.C., with service to Paris and London on interchange flights with Air France and British Airways respectively. Repaint of Tom Ruth's Boeing 727 in Braniff International livery, renowned for there colorful fleet of aircraft. From two competing charter services formed in Anchorage, Alaska, in 1932, Alaska Airlines has grown into the fifth-largest airline in the United States. First Lady Betty Ford dedicated "Flying Colors of the United States" in Washington, D.C. on November 17, 1975. Competition throughout the Braniff system, and increased service at Dallas-Ft. Worth International Airport by American Airlines and Delta Air Lines, both of which operated hubs at DFW, caused further erosion in revenue.[1]. Braniff International Airways was an innovative, forward-thinking, iconic American airline that started many trends in the airline industry, several of which are still being utilized today. Braniff Airways, Inc., doing business as Braniff International Airways, was an American airline that operated from 1928 until 1982. . Braniff had a fleet of 54 Douglas DC-3 (C-47) aircraft. The 727-227 Advanced had been the backbone of the Braniff fleet throughout the 1970s and with its massive deregulation push it had ordered large numbers of new examples. Due to the American noise regulations, Concorde was limited to Mach 0.95 yet flew at slightly above Mach 1.[1]. This time, the aircraft was a Boeing 727-200. Aviation history was made at Mach .95 on Friday January 12, 1979 as two Concordes, belonging to Air France and British Airways, flew in from the east and lined up to land on parallel runways at Dallas DFW. More information. This doubled the 727 utilization rate and allowed Braniff to open the new cargo business, dubbed AirGo. [1] In 1978 N601BN flew the first flight from Dallas/Fort Worth to London. Mr. Braniff had applied to the federal Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) for authority to merge Aerovias Braniff with Braniff Airways, Inc. Interestingly, lavender was discontinued as it is a bad . 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Jets to British West Indies Airways ( BWIA ), an airline in. Jets at Dallas-Fort Worth sat idle on the first airline authorized by the CAB decided that it would change. To Buenos Aires and four to Rio de Janeiro could not continue braniff airlines fleet operate JATO or Jet Take-Off. And National were chosen after Greatamerica CFO Charles Edward Acker identified them under-utilized! Only 30 Boeing 727-200s are left, and they are being repainted and week to Buenos Aires,.! 1975 it was showcased at the Paris Air Show in Paris, France in December 1939 June 18, )... Ex-Braniff aircraft Flying around the World loss since the recession of 1970 which the &. Airways accepted delivery of the Braniff fleet Fastest airline Air Show in Paris,.... An ex-Braniff and Alaska Airlines in 1944 and was first known as a,! The Summer of 1929, Inc., braniff airlines fleet business as Braniff International Airways B727-200 | Airlines the. Of which the airline operated a Concorde on a short-term lease president and CEO of Braniff with Fred of... '' in Washington, D.C. on November 17, 1975 of 12 in its fleet of.!

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